History of International Relations Part-2

International Relations (IR)
is a study of relations between nations, the role of the sovereign state, the international governmental organization (IGO), the international non-governmental organization (INGO), NGOs, and Inter-Agency Companies (MNC). International relations are a public and private policy and can be positive and simple, as they are well-reasoned and organized. The use of a foreign policy of a state Political activity, the date of international relations from the ancient Greeks (Thucydides (ca. 460-395 BC), and early 20th century became a separate subject (No. 5901 in the 4-digit UNESCO Nomenclature) in political science. However, international relations are subjects that include many subjects. International scholars from various fields such as science, technical and engineering, economics, history, law, philosophy, geography and social science, astronomy and criminal psychology and the study of sexuality, culture. The level of international relations is globalization, state sovereignty, and global security, economic equilibrium, nuclear and national expansion, global economic and financial development, terrorism and organized crime, human security, International interference and human rights.

History
The history of international relations can be found thousands of years ago. For example, Barry Buzan and Richard regarded the connection between the Sumerian ancient city of 3,500 BC, the first complete international system. The history of international relations, depending on the sovereignty, is always back to the Peace of Westphalia of 1648, a step in the development of a modern state system. Until now, Europe's medieval democracies were dependent on the order. An obscure religion. Contrary to most of the beliefs, Westphalia still lacks the systemic cover of sovereignty, especially in The Holy Roman Empire. In addition to the Peace of Westphalia, the Treaty of Utrecht of 1713 is thought to reflect the occurrence of a pattern of sovereignty, no equality within a specific territory, and no powerful external commanders Dictatorship on the territory of sovereignty. Some of the pre-colonial period of the 1500s to 1789 saw the rise of independent and sovereign states, diplomatic and gendarmerie. The French Revolution adds this new idea that no prince or group of people can be considered a nation, but that the people of that state should be regarded as sovereign. Its .. An alternative model of the nation-state was developed in response to the French republican concept by the Germans and others, who, instead of giving the citizenship sovereignty, preserved princes and nobility, but defined national-statehood in terms of ethnicity-language, establishing rarely if ever fulfilled ideal that all people speaking one language should belong to one state only. The same claim to sovereignty was made for both forms of nation-state. (It is worth noting that in Europe today, few states conform to the definition of nation-state: many continue to have royal sovereigns, and hardly any ethnically homogeneous.)

The system that supports the balance of sovereignty of the European state exports to the United States, Africa and Asia through colonization and standard of living. The latest modern international system was created in the colonial period during the Cold War. However, it seems too easy. While the state-of-the-nation system is considered modern, some states have yet to cooperate with the system and are called modern startups.

Moreover, a handful of states have exaggerated the insistence of complete sovereignty and can be regarded as modern. The capacity of today's international relations to express relationships between different types of states is a conflict. "Level of analysis" is a way of viewing the international system, which includes individual levels, group states, international levels of cooperation and government relations, and global levels.

What is clear is that the theory of international relations has not been developed until after the First World War, and has to deal with the details below. But IR theory has a long tradition on other parts of social science. The use of the letters I and R in international relations is aimed at highlighting the rules of international relations learning from the phenomenon of international relations. Some of the references, such as Sun Tzu's The Art of War (6th Century BC), Thucydides 'History of the Peloponnesian War (5th Century BC), Chanakya's Arthashastra (4th Century BC), are theories of the theory of Hobbes' Leviathan and MACHIAVELLI'sThe Prince offers a deeper explanation.

Similarly, liberalism draws on the work of Kant and Rousseau, with the work of the former often being cited as the first elaboration of a theory of peace theory. Although the contemporary human rights are considerably different than the types of rights envisioned under natural law, Francisco de Vitoria, Hugo Grotius and John Locke have offered the first accounts of universal rights to certain rights on the basis of common humanity. In the twentieth century, in addition to contemporary theories of liberal internationalism, Marxism has been a foundation of international relations.